Merle Haggard wrote “Sing Me Back Home” out of what he saw as an inmate at San Quentin, where he arrived in February 1958 at the age of twenty. Two men there stayed with him. One was Caryl Chessman, the death-row prisoner Haggard talked with through an air vent while he was in solitary confinement, who was executed on 2 May 1960. The other was a friend, James “Rabbit” Kendrick. In Haggard’s own account Kendrick planned an escape and invited him along, and the two agreed he should stay behind; Kendrick got out, shot and killed a police officer before he was recaptured, and was put on death row, where he was executed in 1961. Kendrick had also told Haggard that he had talent and could be somebody someday. Speaking to Billboard in 1977, Haggard described watching someone he knew “make that last walk” as “a feeling you never forget.”
The song is sung by a prisoner who plays guitar. As the warden leads a condemned man down the hallway, the man stops at the singer’s cell and asks to hear a song from home, one that will bring old memories back and turn back the years before he dies. A second verse remembers a choir that came in from outside the Sunday before to sing gospel songs, and the same man asking them for a song his mother used to sing.
Haggard recorded it at Capitol’s studio on North Vine Street in Hollywood on 20 September 1967, with Ken Nelson and Fuzzy Owen producing, after a first attempt two days earlier went unissued. Glen Campbell, Tommy Collins, Billy Mize and Lewis Talley played guitars, Norman Hamlet steel, Roy Nichols and Howard Lowe bass, Eddie Burris drums and George French piano, with Bonnie Owens singing harmony. Capitol issued it in the autumn of 1967 as single 2017, backed with “Good Times” from the same session. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard country chart, his third chart-topper, and became the title track of the album Sing Me Back Home, released on 2 January 1968, which also went to number one on the country albums chart.
Bluegrass musicians took it up within a few years. A performance by Hazel Dickens and Alice Gerrard from the late 1960s was issued in 2018 as the title track of Sing Me Back Home: The DC Tapes, 1965–1969. Leon Morris recorded it in 1972, the Seldom Scene put it on Act 3 (Rebel, 1973), and Joe Val & the New England Bluegrass Boys included it on their 1975 Rounder album; Bob Paisley & the Southern Grass followed on I Still Love You Yet in 1985. Outside bluegrass, the Everly Brothers recorded it for Roots in 1968, and the Grateful Dead played it in concert between 1971 and 1973.