“Hills of Roan County” — more often “The Hills of Roane County” — is a murder ballad rooted in a real Tennessee crime. The song is generally credited to Willis Maberry, drawn from his poem “The Roane County Prisoner,” which recounts his killing of his brother-in-law in the 1880s and the long imprisonment that followed.
Sung in the first person, the ballad has the weight of a confession: a man looks back from prison on the hills of his Roane County home, on the deed that took him from them, and on the years lost behind bars. That mixture of remorse and homesickness gave the song lasting power among traditional singers.
It reached records in 1941 through the Blue Sky Boys, the close-harmony brother duo of Bill and Earl Bolick, and it passed widely through old-time and bluegrass music thereafter.